Three-Dimensional Site Response Analysis of Sloping Ground

Example prepared by: Christopher McGann and Pedro Arduino, University of Washington

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This article discusses a three-dimensional effective stress site response analysis of a slope using OpenSees. The considered site consists of layered cohesionless soil underlain by bedrock. The slope has a 2% grade perpendicular to the direction of shaking. The model consists of a single column of 3D brick elements supported vertically at the base. Periodic boundary conditions are applied in both horizontal directions. A Lysmer-Kuhlemeyer (1969) dashpot is utilized to account for the finite rigidity of the underlying elastic medium, and the loading is applied in a manner consistent with that proposed by Joyner and Chen (1975).

Provided with this article are several files. Files which are required for the analysis are indicated. The files include:

• The example input file, freeField3D.tcl (required for analysis)
• The velocity time history of the selected earthquake record, yerbaNSvelocity.out (required for analysis)
• A GiD post-process mesh file, freeField3D.flavia.msh (generated automatically by running freeField3D.tcl)
• A Matlab script, flaviaWriter.m, which can be used to reformat the recorded output from OpenSees into a file which can be read by GiD for post-process visulization. Non-Matlab users may find the process represented by this file useful in creating an alternative means for accomplishing this reformatting.
• The post-process results file, freeField3D.flavia.res, which is generated through the use of the flaviaWriter.m script. This file, combined with the file freeField3D.flavia.msh, allows the user to visualize the results of the site response analysis using GiD.

All of the files mentioned above can be downloaded here.

To run this example, the user must download the input file, freeField3D.tcl, and the velocity time history file, yerbaNSvelocity.out, and place them in a single directory. The additional files described above are not essential to the analysis. They are provided to demonstrate how to use the GiD tool to visualize results from this type of analysis.

For further information into a site response analysis using OpenSees, the user is referred to the 2D total stress site response analysis example, the 2D effective stress site response analysis example, and the set of examples developed at UCSD available here.

Model Description

Fig 1. Considered layered soil profile on infinite slope.

References

1. Joyner, W.B. and Chen A.T.F. (1975) "Calculation of nonlinear ground response in earthquakes," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 65(5), 1315-1336.
2. Kramer, S.L. (1996). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
3. Lysmer, J. and Kuhlemeyer, A.M. (1969). "Finite dynamic model for infinite media," Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, 95, 859-877.

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