Two Node Link Element
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This command is used to construct a twoNodeLink element object, which is defined by two nodes. The element can have zero or non-zero length. This element can have 1 to 6 degrees of freedom, where only the transverse and rotational degrees of freedom are coupled as long as the element has non-zero length. In addition, if the element length is larger than zero, the user can optionally specify how the P-Delta moments around the local x- and y-axis are distributed among a moment at node i, a moment at node j, and a shear couple. The sum of these three ratios is always equal to 1. In addition the shear center can be specified as a fraction of the element length from the iNode. The element does not contribute to the Rayleigh damping by default. If the element has non-zero length, the local x-axis is determined from the nodal geometry unless the optional x-axis vector is specified in which case the nodal geometry is ignored and the user-defined orientation is utilized. It is important to recognize that if this element has zero length, it does not consider the geometry as given by the nodal coordinates, but utilizes the the user-defined orientation vectors to determine the directions of the springs.
| element twoNodeLink $eleTag $iNode $jNode -mat $matTags -dir $dirs <-orient <$x1 $x2 $x3> $y1 $y2 $y3> <-pDelta (4 $Mratio)> <-shearDist (2 $sDratios)> <-doRayleigh> <-mass $m> |
| $eleTag | unique element object tag |
| $iNode $jNode | end nodes |
| $matTags | tags associated with previously-defined UniaxialMaterial objects |
| $dirs | material directions: 1,2,3 - translation along local x,y,z axes, respectively |
| 4,5,6 - rotation about local x,y,z axes, respectively | |
| $x1 $x2 $x3 | vector components in global coordinates defining local x-axis (optional) |
| $y1 $y2 $y3 | vector components in global coordinates defining local y-axis (optional) |
| $Mratios | P-Delta moment contribution ratios, size of ratio vector is 4 |
| (entries: [My_iNode, My_jNode, Mz_iNode, Mz_jNode]) My_iNode + My_jNode <= 1.0, Mz_iNode + Mz_jNode <= 1.0. | |
| Remaining P-Delta moments are resisted by shear couples. (optional) | |
| $sDratios | shear distances from iNode as a fraction of the element length, size of ratio vector is 2 |
| (entries: [dy_iNode, dz_iNode] (optional, default = [0.5 0.5]) | |
| -doRayleigh | to include Rayleigh damping from the element (optional, default = no Rayleigh damping contribution) |
| $m | element mass (optional, default = 0.0) |
NOTE:
If the element has zero length and optional orientation vectors are not specified, the local element axes coincide with the global axes. Otherwise the local z-axis is defined by the cross product between the x- and y-vectors specified on the command line.
The valid queries to a twoNodeLink element when creating an ElementRecorder object are 'force,' 'localForce,' 'basicForce,' 'localDisplacement,' 'basicDisplacement' and 'material $matNum matArg1 matArg2 ...' Where $matNum is the number associated with the material whose data is to be output.
EXAMPLES:
element twoNodeLink 1 1 2 -mat 1 2 3 -dir 1 2 6;
Code Developed by: Andreas Schellenberg, University of California, Berkeley.