SSPquadUP Element

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This command is used to construct a SSPquadUP element object.

element SSPquadUP $eleTag $iNode $jNode $kNode $lNode $matTag $thick $fBulk $fDen $k1 $k2 $void $alpha <$b1 $b2>

$eleTag	unique integer tag identifying element object
$iNode $jNode $kNode $lNode	the four nodes defining the element, input in counterclockwise order (-ndm 2 -ndf 3)
$matTag	unique integer tag associated with previously-defined nDMaterial object
$thick	thickness of the element in out-of-plane direction
$fBulk	bulk modulus of the pore fluid
$fDen	mass density of the pore fluid
$k1 $k2	permeability coefficients in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively
$void	voids ratio
$alpha	spatial pressure field stabilization parameter (see notes below for more information)
$b1 $b2	constant body forces in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively (optional, default = 0.0)

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The SSPquadUP element is an extension of the SSPquad Element for use in dynamic plane strain analysis of fluid saturated porous media. A mixed displacement-pressure (u-p) formulation is used, based upon the work of Biot as extended by Zienkiewicz and Shiomi (1984).

The physical stabilization necessary to allow for reduced integration incorporates an assumed strain field in which the volumetric dilation and the shear strain associated with the the hourglass modes are zero, resulting in an element which is free from volumetric and shear locking. The elimination of shear locking results in greater coarse mesh accuracy in bending dominated problems, and the elimination of volumetric locking improves accuracy in nearly-incompressible problems. Analysis times are generally faster than corresponding full integration elements.

Equal-order interpolation is used for the displacement and pressure fields, thus, the SSPquadUP element does not inherently pass the inf-sup condition, and is not fully acceptable in the incompressible-impermeable limit (the quadUP Element has the same issue). A stabilizing parameter is employed to permit the use of equal-order interpolation for the SSPquadUP element. This parameter $alpha can be computed as

alpha = 0.25*(h^2)/(den*c^2)

where h is the element size, c is the speed of elastic wave propagation in the solid phase, and den is the mass density of the solid phase. The $alpha parameter should be a small number.

NOTES:

1. Valid queries to the SSPquadUP element when creating an ElementalRecorder object correspond to those for the nDMaterial object assigned to the element (e.g., 'stress', 'strain'). Material response is recorded at the single integration point located in the center of the element.
2. The SSPquadUP element was designed with intentions of duplicating the functionality of the QuadUP element. If an example is found where the SSPquadUP element cannot do something that works for the QuadUP element, please contact the developers listed below so the bug can be fixed.

EXAMPLES:

SSPquadUP element definition with element tag 1, nodes 1, 2, 3, and 4, material tag 1, unit thickness, bulk modulus of water (kPa), mass density of water (Mg/m^3), horizontal and vertical permeabilities of 1e-3, voids ratio of 0.7, alpha paramter of 6e-5, horizontal body force of zero, and vertical body force of -9.81

element SSPquadUP 1  1 2 3 4  1 1.0 2.2e6 1.0 1.0e-3 1.0e-3 0.7 6.0e-5 0.0 -9.81

Elemental recorders for stress and strain when using the SSPquadUP element (note the difference from the QuadUP element)

recorder Element -eleRange 1 $numElem -time -file stress.out  stress
recorder Element -eleRange 1 $numElem -time -file strain.out  strain

Pore pressure recorder for the SSPquadUP element

recorder Node -nodeRange 1 $numNode -time -file porePressure.out -dof 3 vel

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Code Developed by: Chris McGann, Pedro Arduino, & Peter Mackenzie-Helnwein, at the University of Washington

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