ZeroLengthImpact3D

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This command constructs a node-to-node zero-length contact element in 3D space.

element zeroLengthImpact3D $tag $slaveNode $masterNode $direction $initGap $frictionRatio $Kt $Kn $Kn2 $Delta_y $cohesion

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$tag	Unique element object tag
$slaveNode	Slave node tag
$masterNode	Master node tag
$direction	1 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +X direction 2 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +Y direction 3 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +Z direction
$initGap	Initial gap between master plane and slave plane
$frictionRatio	Friction ratio
$Kt	Penalty in two tangential directions (parallel to master and slave planes)
$Kn	Penalty in normal direction (normal to master and slave planes)
$Kn2	Penalty in normal direction after yielding based on Hertz impact model
$Delta_y	Yield deformation based on Hertz impact model
$cohesion	Cohesion, if no cohesion, it is zero

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NOTES:

1. This element has been developed on top of the “zeroLengthContact3D”. All the notes available in “zeroLengthContact3D” wiki page would apply to this element as well. It includes the definition of master and slave nodes, the number of degrees of freedom in the domain, etc.
2. This element adds the capabilities of “ImpactMaterial” to “zeroLengthContact3D” .
3. For simulating a surface-to-surface contact, this element can be defined for connecting the nodes on slave surface to the nodes on master surface.

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EXAMPLE: The following zip file contains an example script and the corresponding input cyclic displacement: File:ExampleScript1.zip

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REFERENCES: zeroLengthContact3D , ImpactMaterial

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Code Developed by: Dr. A.E. Zaghi, M. Cashany @ University of Connecticut (UConn)

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APPLICATION:

1. This element has been employed to simulate the bridge hinge movements like superstructure-abutment interaction in bridges at University of Connecticut (UConn) and University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), like the one in the following link: http://wolfweb.unr.edu/homepage/saiidi/NCHRP/FRPRrestrainer/Videos/GFRB%20Restrainer%20Test604Rita0-2g.mpg
2. This element was found to be fast-converging and eliminating the need for extra elements and nodes in the modeling process.
3. This element has the capability of having an initial gap in the normal direction and also the capability of considering energy dissipation due to pounding/impact in the normal direction, without the need for extra nodes and elements in the modeling process