ZeroLengthImpact3D: Difference between revisions

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{{CommandManualMenu}}
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This command constructs a node-to-node zero-length contact element in 3D space.  
This command constructs a node-to-node zero-length contact element in 3D space to simulate the impact/pounding and friction phenomena.  


{|  
{|  
| style="background:yellow; color:black; width:800px" | '''element zeroLengthImpact3D $tag $slaveNode $masterNode $direction $initGap $frictionRatio $Kt $Kn $Kn2 $Delta_y $cohesion'''
| style="background:yellow; color:black; width:800px" | '''element zeroLengthImpact3D $tag $cNode $rNode $direction $initGap $frictionRatio $Kt $Kn $Kn2 $Delta_y $cohesion'''
|}
|}


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{|
{|
|  style="width:150px" | '''$tag''' || Unique element object tag
|  style="width:150px" | '''$tag''' || Unique element object tag
|-
|-
| '''$slaveNode''' || Slave node tag
| '''$cNode''' || Constrained node tag
|-
|-
| '''$masterNode''' || Master node tag
| '''$rNode''' || Retained node tag
|-
|-
| '''$direction''' ||  
| '''$direction''' ||  


1 if normal vector of master plane points to +X direction
1 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +X direction


2 if normal vector of master plane points to +Y direction
2 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +Y direction


3 if normal vector of master plane points to +Z direction
3 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +Z direction


|-
|-
| '''$initGap''' || Initial gap between master plane and slave plane
| '''$initGap''' || Initial gap between retained plane and constrained plane
|-
|-
| '''$frictionRatio''' || Friction ratio  
| '''$frictionRatio''' || Friction ratio in two tangential directions (parallel to retained and constrained planes)
|-
|-
| '''$Kt''' || Penalty in tangential directions (parallel to master and slave planes)
| '''$Kt''' || Penalty in two tangential directions
|-
|-
| '''$Kn''' || Penalty in normal direction (normal to master and slave planes)
| '''$Kn''' || Penalty in normal direction (normal to retained and constrained planes)
|-
|-
| '''$Kn2''' || Penalty in normal direction after yielding based on Hertz impact model  
| '''$Kn2''' || Penalty in normal direction after yielding based on Hertz impact model  
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|}
|}


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NOTES:
# This element has been developed on top of the “zeroLengthContact3D”. All the notes available in [[ ZeroLengthContact_Element | “zeroLengthContact3D” wiki page ]] would apply to this element as well. It includes the definition of retained and constrained nodes, the number of degrees of freedom in the domain, etc.
# Regarding the number of degrees of freedom (DOF), the end nodes of this element should be defined in 3DOF domain. For getting information on how to use 3DOF and 6DOF domain together, please refer to OpenSees documentation and forums or see the zip file provided in the EXAMPLES section below.
# This element adds the capabilities of [[ Impact_Material | “ImpactMaterial” ]] to [[ ZeroLengthContact_Element | “zeroLengthContact3D.” ]]
# For simulating a surface-to-surface contact, the element can be defined for connecting the nodes on constrained surface to the nodes on retained surface.
# The element was found to be fast-converging and eliminating the need for extra elements and nodes in the modeling process.


NOTES:
----
 
# This element has been developed on top of the “zeroLengthContact3D”. All the notes available in “zeroLengthContact3D” wiki page would apply to this element as well. It includes the definition of master and slave nodes, the number of degrees of freedom in the domain, etc.Please refer to wiki page of “zeroLengthContact3D” for detailed descriptions.
# This element adds the capabilities of “ImpactMaterial” to “zeroLengthContact3D”, without the need for extra nodes and elements in the modeling process. That is the capability of having an "initial gap" in the normal direction and also the capability of considering energy dissipation due to impact in the normal direction.
# This element has been used to model the superstructure-abutment interaction in bridges at University of Connecticut (UConn) and University of Nevada, Reno (UNR). This element was found to be fast-converging and eliminating the need for many extra elements and nodes in the modeling process.
 


EXAMPLES:


#The following zip file contains an example script and the corresponding input cyclic displacement: [[File:Example script 2.zip]]
#The following zip file contains an example script on how to use 6DOF domain and 3DOF domain together: [[File:Example script 6DOF 3DOF.zip]]


<!--
----
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EXAMPLE SCRIPT:
SAMPLE COMMAND (example scripts are available at bottom of this page):


<source lang="Tcl">


The following zip file contains an example script and the corresponding input cyclic displacement.
[[File:ExampleScript.zip]]
<source lang="Tcl">
           
</source>
</source>
-->
----


After running the example script, the following hysteresis loop is resulted in normal direction under cyclic excitation:  
REFERENCES:  


[[ ZeroLengthContact_Element | zeroLengthContact3D ]] , [[ Impact_Material | ImpactMaterial ]]


----


[[File: HysteresisLoop.png]]
CODE DEVELOPED BY:
 
:<span style="color:blue"> Dr. Arash E. Zaghi and Majid Cashany at University of Connecticut (UConn) </span>
 


----
----


APPLICATIONS:
# This element has been employed to simulate the bridge hinges including superstructure-abutment interaction at the University of Connecticut (UConn) and University of Nevada, Reno (UNR).
# It has been implemented in non-structural systems like suspended ceilings, simulating the impact/pounding and friction phenomena.


REFERENCES:


http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/ZeroLengthContact_Element
<!--
After running the example script, the following hysteresis loop is resulted in normal direction under cyclic excitation:  


http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/Impact_Material
[[File: HysteresisLoop.png]]
 
-->
Muthukumar, S., and DesRoches, R. (2006). “A Hertz Contact Model with Non-linear Damping for Pounding Simulation.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35, 811-828.
 
Muthukumar, S. (2003). “A Contact Element Approach with Hysteresis Damping for the Analysis and Design of Pounding in Bridges.” PhD Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology. http://smartech.gatech.edu/
 
Nielson, B. (2005). “Analytical Fragility Curves for Highway Bridges in Moderate Seismic Zones.” PhD Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology. http://smartech.gatech.edu/
 
----
 
Code Developed by: <span style="color:blue"> Arash E. Zaghi, Majid Cashany, University of Connecticut (UConn) </span>

Latest revision as of 16:19, 13 June 2020



This command constructs a node-to-node zero-length contact element in 3D space to simulate the impact/pounding and friction phenomena.

element zeroLengthImpact3D $tag $cNode $rNode $direction $initGap $frictionRatio $Kt $Kn $Kn2 $Delta_y $cohesion
$tag Unique element object tag
$cNode Constrained node tag
$rNode Retained node tag
$direction

1 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +X direction

2 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +Y direction

3 if out-normal vector of master plane points to +Z direction

$initGap Initial gap between retained plane and constrained plane
$frictionRatio Friction ratio in two tangential directions (parallel to retained and constrained planes)
$Kt Penalty in two tangential directions
$Kn Penalty in normal direction (normal to retained and constrained planes)
$Kn2 Penalty in normal direction after yielding based on Hertz impact model
$Delta_y Yield deformation based on Hertz impact model
$cohesion Cohesion, if no cohesion, it is zero

NOTES:

  1. This element has been developed on top of the “zeroLengthContact3D”. All the notes available in “zeroLengthContact3D” wiki page would apply to this element as well. It includes the definition of retained and constrained nodes, the number of degrees of freedom in the domain, etc.
  2. Regarding the number of degrees of freedom (DOF), the end nodes of this element should be defined in 3DOF domain. For getting information on how to use 3DOF and 6DOF domain together, please refer to OpenSees documentation and forums or see the zip file provided in the EXAMPLES section below.
  3. This element adds the capabilities of “ImpactMaterial” to “zeroLengthContact3D.”
  4. For simulating a surface-to-surface contact, the element can be defined for connecting the nodes on constrained surface to the nodes on retained surface.
  5. The element was found to be fast-converging and eliminating the need for extra elements and nodes in the modeling process.

EXAMPLES:

  1. The following zip file contains an example script and the corresponding input cyclic displacement: File:Example script 2.zip
  2. The following zip file contains an example script on how to use 6DOF domain and 3DOF domain together: File:Example script 6DOF 3DOF.zip

REFERENCES:

zeroLengthContact3D , ImpactMaterial

CODE DEVELOPED BY:

Dr. Arash E. Zaghi and Majid Cashany at University of Connecticut (UConn)

APPLICATIONS:

  1. This element has been employed to simulate the bridge hinges including superstructure-abutment interaction at the University of Connecticut (UConn) and University of Nevada, Reno (UNR).
  2. It has been implemented in non-structural systems like suspended ceilings, simulating the impact/pounding and friction phenomena.


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