Force-based Frame Element ?!

[parasismique]

Dear colleagues,

For modelling the RC column considering inelastic buckling of reinforcement. Authors use force-based Frame Element (two force-based elements).

Are these two force-based elements modeled by distributed plasticity (nonlinear beam column) or the combination of two formulations (distributed plasticity and concentrated plasticity) ?!

I appreciate your help my colleagues.

[selimgunay]

The force-based element is based on a distributed plasticity approach. You can find more detailed information about the formulation here:'

https://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/inde ... ed_Element