Building v.2.4.4
Moderators: silvia, selimgunay, Moderators
Building v.2.4.4
OS: Windows 8
tcl: 8.5.10.1.296777
Microsoft Visual C ++ 2010 Ultimate
Is there someone please help me to solve linker problem? As I tried to compile project such as quickMain, openSeesTk, openSees, the typical linker errors showed:
Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in function _for__open_proc. D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_nt_open_proc.obj) quickMain
Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __pxcptinfoptrs referenced in function _GETEXCEPTIONPTRSQQ D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_init.obj) quickMain
Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall StandardStream::~StandardStream(void)" (??1StandardStream@@UAE@XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl `dynamic atexit destructor for 'sserr''(void)" (??__Fsserr@@YAXXZ) D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\main.obj quickMain
Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall StandardStream::StandardStream(int)" (??0StandardStream@@QAE@H@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl `dynamic initializer for 'sserr''(void)" (??__Esserr@@YAXXZ) D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\main.obj quickMain
Error 5 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_portlib.obj) quickMain
Error 6 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libm.lib(libm_error.obj) quickMain
Error 7 error LNK1120: 4 unresolved externals D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\bin\quickMain.exe quickMain
Please help me, thank you!
tcl: 8.5.10.1.296777
Microsoft Visual C ++ 2010 Ultimate
Is there someone please help me to solve linker problem? As I tried to compile project such as quickMain, openSeesTk, openSees, the typical linker errors showed:
Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in function _for__open_proc. D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_nt_open_proc.obj) quickMain
Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __pxcptinfoptrs referenced in function _GETEXCEPTIONPTRSQQ D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_init.obj) quickMain
Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall StandardStream::~StandardStream(void)" (??1StandardStream@@UAE@XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl `dynamic atexit destructor for 'sserr''(void)" (??__Fsserr@@YAXXZ) D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\main.obj quickMain
Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall StandardStream::StandardStream(int)" (??0StandardStream@@QAE@H@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl `dynamic initializer for 'sserr''(void)" (??__Esserr@@YAXXZ) D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\main.obj quickMain
Error 5 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_portlib.obj) quickMain
Error 6 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libm.lib(libm_error.obj) quickMain
Error 7 error LNK1120: 4 unresolved externals D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\bin\quickMain.exe quickMain
Please help me, thank you!
Re: Building v.2.4.4
yangdawei wrote:
> OS: Windows 8
> tcl: 8.5.10.1.296777
> Microsoft Visual C ++ 2010 Ultimate
>
> Is there someone please help me to solve linker problem? As I tried to
> compile project such as quickMain, openSeesTk, openSees, the typical linker
> errors showed:
>
> Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in
> function
> _for__open_proc. D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_nt_open_proc.obj) quickMain
> Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __pxcptinfoptrs
> referenced in function
I got the answer as followed:
1. tcl installed for opensees should be 32-bit but not 64-bit.
2. vs2010 has bug on opening solution of 'opensees', so I adopt vs2012 open it and build succeeded.
3. openseesvc6 shoud not be build by non-vc++6.0.
> OS: Windows 8
> tcl: 8.5.10.1.296777
> Microsoft Visual C ++ 2010 Ultimate
>
> Is there someone please help me to solve linker problem? As I tried to
> compile project such as quickMain, openSeesTk, openSees, the typical linker
> errors showed:
>
> Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in
> function
> _for__open_proc. D:\Developer\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\libifcore.lib(for_nt_open_proc.obj) quickMain
> Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __pxcptinfoptrs
> referenced in function
I got the answer as followed:
1. tcl installed for opensees should be 32-bit but not 64-bit.
2. vs2010 has bug on opening solution of 'opensees', so I adopt vs2012 open it and build succeeded.
3. openseesvc6 shoud not be build by non-vc++6.0.
Re: Building v.2.4.4
Hello,
I get the following errors when I build the OpenSees.sln in trunk/win32.
I use Visual Studio 2012 and tcl/tk 8.5.14 for 32 bit systems.
I wonder if anyone have any idea in this regard.
bests,
Hamid
Error 1633 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void * __cdecl OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima(void)" (?OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima@@YAPAXXZ) referenced in function "int __cdecl TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand(void *,struct Tcl_Interp *,int,char const * *,class Domain *)" (?TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand@@YAHPAXPAUTcl_Interp@@HPAPBDPAVDomain@@@Z) C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\proj\openSeesTk\material.lib(TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.obj) OpenSeesTk
Error 1634 error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\bin\openSeesTk.exe OpenSeesTk
Error 1629 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void * __cdecl OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima(void)" (?OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima@@YAPAXXZ) referenced in function "int __cdecl TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand(void *,struct Tcl_Interp *,int,char const * *,class Domain *)" (?TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand@@YAHPAXPAUTcl_Interp@@HPAPBDPAVDomain@@@Z) C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\proj\openSees\material.lib(TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.obj) OpenSees
Error 1630 error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\bin\openSees.exe OpenSees
I get the following errors when I build the OpenSees.sln in trunk/win32.
I use Visual Studio 2012 and tcl/tk 8.5.14 for 32 bit systems.
I wonder if anyone have any idea in this regard.
bests,
Hamid
Error 1633 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void * __cdecl OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima(void)" (?OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima@@YAPAXXZ) referenced in function "int __cdecl TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand(void *,struct Tcl_Interp *,int,char const * *,class Domain *)" (?TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand@@YAHPAXPAUTcl_Interp@@HPAPBDPAVDomain@@@Z) C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\proj\openSeesTk\material.lib(TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.obj) OpenSeesTk
Error 1634 error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\bin\openSeesTk.exe OpenSeesTk
Error 1629 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void * __cdecl OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima(void)" (?OPS_ConcreteSakaiKawashima@@YAPAXXZ) referenced in function "int __cdecl TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand(void *,struct Tcl_Interp *,int,char const * *,class Domain *)" (?TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand@@YAHPAXPAUTcl_Interp@@HPAPBDPAVDomain@@@Z) C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\proj\openSees\material.lib(TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.obj) OpenSees
Error 1630 error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals C:\Users\h.sarmadi\Desktop\trunk\Win32\bin\openSees.exe OpenSees
hrs
Re: Building v.2.4.4
did you get the revision corresponding to the release?
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/OpenSees/developer/svn.php
you want 5764
and ignore the errors with quickMain, that project won't compile, the others do.
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/OpenSees/developer/svn.php
you want 5764
and ignore the errors with quickMain, that project won't compile, the others do.
Re: Building v.2.4.4
I guess I've been running into the same problems as the guys before me in this post... even with the check out of the 5764 version. Mainly, the message I've been having a hard time (and the only error message really) is this:
Error 7 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void * __cdecl OPS_DoddRestr(void)" (?OPS_DoddRestr@@YAPAXXZ) referenced in function "int __cdecl TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand(void *,struct Tcl_Interp *,int,char const * *,class Domain *)" (?TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand@@YAHPAXPAUTcl_Interp@@HPAPBDPAVDomain@@@Z) C:\OpenSees_Lanning\Win32\proj\openSees\material.lib(TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.obj)
It's obviously based off the material library but I don't know exactly what's going on with this specific class which is giving the complete build to compile without any errors. Any help/suggestions/solutions would be great, thanks!
Error 7 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void * __cdecl OPS_DoddRestr(void)" (?OPS_DoddRestr@@YAPAXXZ) referenced in function "int __cdecl TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand(void *,struct Tcl_Interp *,int,char const * *,class Domain *)" (?TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand@@YAHPAXPAUTcl_Interp@@HPAPBDPAVDomain@@@Z) C:\OpenSees_Lanning\Win32\proj\openSees\material.lib(TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.obj)
It's obviously based off the material library but I don't know exactly what's going on with this specific class which is giving the complete build to compile without any errors. Any help/suggestions/solutions would be great, thanks!
Brighton Laiman
Development Engineer
RISA Technologies
Foothill Ranch, CA
Development Engineer
RISA Technologies
Foothill Ranch, CA
Re: Building v.2.4.4
I fixed the problem. Simply just commented out the "DoddRestr" class calls and it builds perfectly fine now.
Brighton Laiman
Development Engineer
RISA Technologies
Foothill Ranch, CA
Development Engineer
RISA Technologies
Foothill Ranch, CA
-
- Posts: 11
- Joined: Mon Jan 24, 2011 7:09 am
- Location: Università di Trento
Re: Building v.2.4.4
Hello,
I encountered a very similar issue. I'm trying to compile OpenSEES rev. 5835 with Visual Studio 2010. First, I installed 32bit versions of both TCL and OpenSSL. Then, I opened OpenSeesVC6.sln and I added 'lib' and 'include' folders to the 'opensees' startup project. Nevertheless, the compiling failed and the error follows:
5>------ Rebuild All started: Project: openSees, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
5>Build started 17/10/2014 16:27:19.
5>_PrepareForClean:
5> Deleting file ".\..\..\obj\openSees\debug\openSees.lastbuildstate".
5>InitializeBuildStatus:
5> Touching ".\..\..\obj\openSees\debug\openSees.unsuccessfulbuild".
5>ClCompile:
5> tclAppInit.cpp
5> tclMain.cpp
5> Generating Code...
5>LINK : warning LNK4075: ignoring '/INCREMENTAL' due to '/FORCE' specification
5> Creating library .\..\..\bin\openSees.lib and object .\..\..\bin\openSees.exp
5>libm.lib(libm_error.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in function ___libm_error_support
5>libifcore.lib(for_nt_open_proc.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno
5>libifcore.lib(for_portlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno
5>libifcore.lib(for_init.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __pxcptinfoptrs referenced in function _GETEXCEPTIONPTRSQQ
5>.\..\..\bin/OpenSees.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals
5>
5>Build FAILED.
5>
5>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.99
========== Rebuild All: 4 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 skipped ==========
After that, I installed Intel Visual Fortan and related libraries but nothing changed. I tried to open the OpenSees.sln file (VC2005?) but Visual Studio 2010 showed the following error message:
C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSees\OpenSees2005.vcxproj : error : Project "C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSees\OpenSees2005.vcxproj" could not be found.
C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSeesTk\OpenSeesTk2005.vcxproj : error : Project "C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSeesTk\OpenSeesTk2005.vcxproj" could not be found.
C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\quickMain2005.vcxproj : error : Project "C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\quickMain2005.vcxproj" could not be found.
Anyone know how to fix it?
Giuseppe Abbiati
I encountered a very similar issue. I'm trying to compile OpenSEES rev. 5835 with Visual Studio 2010. First, I installed 32bit versions of both TCL and OpenSSL. Then, I opened OpenSeesVC6.sln and I added 'lib' and 'include' folders to the 'opensees' startup project. Nevertheless, the compiling failed and the error follows:
5>------ Rebuild All started: Project: openSees, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
5>Build started 17/10/2014 16:27:19.
5>_PrepareForClean:
5> Deleting file ".\..\..\obj\openSees\debug\openSees.lastbuildstate".
5>InitializeBuildStatus:
5> Touching ".\..\..\obj\openSees\debug\openSees.unsuccessfulbuild".
5>ClCompile:
5> tclAppInit.cpp
5> tclMain.cpp
5> Generating Code...
5>LINK : warning LNK4075: ignoring '/INCREMENTAL' due to '/FORCE' specification
5> Creating library .\..\..\bin\openSees.lib and object .\..\..\bin\openSees.exp
5>libm.lib(libm_error.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in function ___libm_error_support
5>libifcore.lib(for_nt_open_proc.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno
5>libifcore.lib(for_portlib.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _errno
5>libifcore.lib(for_init.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __pxcptinfoptrs referenced in function _GETEXCEPTIONPTRSQQ
5>.\..\..\bin/OpenSees.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals
5>
5>Build FAILED.
5>
5>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.99
========== Rebuild All: 4 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 skipped ==========
After that, I installed Intel Visual Fortan and related libraries but nothing changed. I tried to open the OpenSees.sln file (VC2005?) but Visual Studio 2010 showed the following error message:
C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSees\OpenSees2005.vcxproj : error : Project "C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSees\OpenSees2005.vcxproj" could not be found.
C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSeesTk\OpenSeesTk2005.vcxproj : error : Project "C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\openSeesTk\OpenSeesTk2005.vcxproj" could not be found.
C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\quickMain2005.vcxproj : error : Project "C:\OpenSees\Win32\proj\quickMain\quickMain2005.vcxproj" could not be found.
Anyone know how to fix it?
Giuseppe Abbiati
Re: Building v.2.4.4
you don't want the OpenSeesVC6 (that is for a very sold version of visual studio < 2003).. you need to throw out the Win32 dir and start again
Re: Building v.2.4.4
blaiman wrote:
> I fixed the problem. Simply just commented out the "DoddRestr"
> class calls and it builds perfectly fine now.
Hi blaiman, I has encountered exactly the same error with yours. Could you please explain how you fixed the problem in detail? Thank you very much~
> I fixed the problem. Simply just commented out the "DoddRestr"
> class calls and it builds perfectly fine now.
Hi blaiman, I has encountered exactly the same error with yours. Could you please explain how you fixed the problem in detail? Thank you very much~
Re: Building v.2.4.4
It's very simple. Look under the TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.cpp file under the material/uniaxial folder and then comment out the following lines:
extern void *OPS_DoddRestr(void);
} else if ((strcmp(argv[1],"DoddRestr") == 0)) {
void *theMat = OPS_DoddRestr();
if (theMat != 0)
theMaterial = (UniaxialMaterial *)theMat;
else
return TCL_ERROR;
After doing that, just build the solution again and you should be successful.
extern void *OPS_DoddRestr(void);
} else if ((strcmp(argv[1],"DoddRestr") == 0)) {
void *theMat = OPS_DoddRestr();
if (theMat != 0)
theMaterial = (UniaxialMaterial *)theMat;
else
return TCL_ERROR;
After doing that, just build the solution again and you should be successful.
Brighton Laiman
Development Engineer
RISA Technologies
Foothill Ranch, CA
Development Engineer
RISA Technologies
Foothill Ranch, CA
Re: Building v.2.4.4
blaiman wrote:
> It's very simple. Look under the TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.cpp
> file under the material/uniaxial folder and then comment out the following
> lines:
> extern void *OPS_DoddRestr(void);
> } else if ((strcmp(argv[1],"DoddRestr") == 0)) {
>
> void *theMat = OPS_DoddRestr();
> if (theMat != 0)
> theMaterial = (UniaxialMaterial *)theMat;
> else
> return TCL_ERROR;
>
> After doing that, just build the solution again and you should be
> successful.
Thanks a lot blaiman. I built the solution successfully after commented out those lines.
Then I tried to debug the quickmain object. But the window shut down automatically and the following messages were output:
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'E:\OpenSees Workshop\OpenSees5764\Win32\bin\quickMain.exe', Symbols loaded.
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kernel32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\KernelBase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sysfer.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\ProgramData\Symantec\Symantec Endpoint Protection\12.1.2015.2015.105\Data\Definitions\BASHDefs\20141107.011\UMEngx86.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\imagehlp.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcrt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\advapi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sechost.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\rpcrt4.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sspicli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cryptbase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
The thread 'Win32 Thread' (0x10954) has exited with code -1 (0xffffffff).
The program '[69016] quickMain.exe: Native' has exited with code -1 (0xffffffff).
Did you have the same problem? Could you give me any solution or suggestions?
Looking forward for your reply.
> It's very simple. Look under the TclModelBuilderUniaxialMaterialCommand.cpp
> file under the material/uniaxial folder and then comment out the following
> lines:
> extern void *OPS_DoddRestr(void);
> } else if ((strcmp(argv[1],"DoddRestr") == 0)) {
>
> void *theMat = OPS_DoddRestr();
> if (theMat != 0)
> theMaterial = (UniaxialMaterial *)theMat;
> else
> return TCL_ERROR;
>
> After doing that, just build the solution again and you should be
> successful.
Thanks a lot blaiman. I built the solution successfully after commented out those lines.
Then I tried to debug the quickmain object. But the window shut down automatically and the following messages were output:
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'E:\OpenSees Workshop\OpenSees5764\Win32\bin\quickMain.exe', Symbols loaded.
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kernel32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\KernelBase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sysfer.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\ProgramData\Symantec\Symantec Endpoint Protection\12.1.2015.2015.105\Data\Definitions\BASHDefs\20141107.011\UMEngx86.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\imagehlp.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcrt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\advapi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sechost.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\rpcrt4.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sspicli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'quickMain.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cryptbase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
The thread 'Win32 Thread' (0x10954) has exited with code -1 (0xffffffff).
The program '[69016] quickMain.exe: Native' has exited with code -1 (0xffffffff).
Did you have the same problem? Could you give me any solution or suggestions?
Looking forward for your reply.
Re: Building v.2.4.4
ignore quickMain (i need to remove it) .. just try and debug OpenSees itself.
-
- Posts: 13
- Joined: Tue Jul 03, 2012 8:54 am
- Location: Roma Tre University
Re: Building v.2.4.4
As for error:
libm.lib(libm_error.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in function ___libm_error_support
My solution is to add the file "VC2005errno.cpp" into the project failed.
The file "VC2005errno.cpp" locates in OpenSees/Win32.
libm.lib(libm_error.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _errno referenced in function ___libm_error_support
My solution is to add the file "VC2005errno.cpp" into the project failed.
The file "VC2005errno.cpp" locates in OpenSees/Win32.
Department of structures
Rome Tre University
Rome Tre University