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$alpha: post yield stiffness ratio 屈服系数

i have some reference material,if you need it ,please send the e-mail to shenxian6586@126.com, but i did not use it.

i have same reference material,if you need it ,please send e-mail to shenxian6586@126.com.

thank，very much，fmk. now i know it .

hello，fmk. I'm very glad to receive your reply. in my model ,i use the Impact Material:( uniaxialMaterial ImpactMaterial $matTag $K1 $K2 $δy $gap ), in which the δy = a * δm , ( δm is the maximum penetration during the pounding event ),so i think the displacement of beam-end can not exceed the sum o...

in my model , zeroLength element was used at the boundary between bridge abutment and deck. the abutment node is fixed, and no mass. zeroLength element udsed Impact Material，the stiffness of the girder is ：EA/L. But when i change the stiffness , 0.1 EA/L ,then i output the displacement of beam-end, ...

my e-mail is shenxian6586@126.com ...and if you have QQ ,you can first Send the message to my e-mail.
I'll wait for you.

in my model , zeroLength element was used at the boundary between bridge abutment and deck. the abutment is fixed. zeroLength element udsed ImpactMaterial.but when i output the displacement of beam-end, it is large than the sum of gap and δm (δm is the maximum penetration during the pounding event)....

hello,fmk. first ,i must you. now , i study the skewed bridge. i am modelling impact with a zero length element . ### girder 1:node node 1 4.3965 4.3965 0 node 2 4.7465 4.3965 0 node 3 5.0965 4.3965 0 ---- ##### impact i node node 93 4.3965 4.3965 0 - - - - - fix 93 1 1 1 1 1 1 set matTag 1; set K1 ...

hi， I am study skewed bridge, in my model, am modelling impact with a zero length element. and the impact element is skewed. when the displacement of the girder is greater than the gap. But the zeroLength element do not have force. ### girder 1:node node 1 4.3965 4.3965 0 node 2 4.7465 4.3965 0 node...

supplementary information：
because i study skewed bridge ,frist i study the straight bridge ,i do not find the above problem ,but in skewed bridge ,the displacement > the gap ,the ZeroLengthElement do not have force ,and sometime ,the displacement < the gap ,but it have force .it is why??

hi , i have a problem in my model, i use the "ImpactMaterial", and set the gap is -0.05cm, use the ZeroLengthElement simulate the impact. when the displacement of the structure (X axis: global coordinate system) is much than the gap ,but the ZeroLengthElement do not have force (in local co...

hi， http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/ZeroLength_Element element zeroLength 1 1 2 -mat 1 -dir 1 -orient 1 1 0 -1 1 0; # truss tag 1 between nodes 1 and 2 acting in local direction 1 defined with material 1. Local direction 1 attains 45 degrees with global X axis . i want to know the :orien...

hi.
who can tell me in "analysis Transient",The results of the analysis use how many the number of Vibration mode .
because in sap2000,When analysis the time history ,you should the number of Vibration mode .
thank you .

In my model ,i use the command :uniaxialMaterial ImpactMaterial $matTag $K1 $K2 $dy $gap
but i do not know the " $gap ",when the structure is skew, the gap is vertical distance or the other.
If anyone know this, i want you tell me in detail.
thank you very much !